<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 16%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 21%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 56%
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<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 12,650 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from untreated sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> subject to severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified—Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert one of world's driest regions